:root {
    --primary-color: #2563EB;
    --secondary-color: #059669;
    --accent-color: #DC2626;
    --light-bg: #FFFFFF;
    --light-secondary: #F8FAFC;
    --light-tertiary: #F1F5F9;
    --text-primary: #1E293B;
    --text-secondary: #475569;
    --text-muted: #64748B;
    --border-color: #E2E8F0;
    --shadow-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    
    --font-primary: 'Arial', sans-serif;
    --font-secondary: 'Arial', sans-serif;
    
    --border-radius: 8px;
    --transition: all 0.3s ease;

    --header-height: 163px;
}

/* 全局样式 */
* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--font-secondary);
    background-color: var(--light-bg);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.text-three-overflow {
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
}

/* 通用样式 */
.section-title {
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.section-subtitle {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.wrapper-container {
    padding: 80px 0;
    margin-top: var(--header-height);
}

/* 导航栏样式 */
.navbar {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95) !important;
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    transition: var(--transition);
    padding: 1rem 0;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px var(--shadow-color);
}

.navbar-brand img {
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.navbar-brand:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.navbar-nav .nav-link {
    color: var(--text-secondary) !important;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0 0.5rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    position: relative;
}

.navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,
.navbar-nav .nav-link.active {
    color: var(--primary-color) !important;
}

.navbar-nav .nav-link::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -5px;
    left: 50%;
    width: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--primary-color);
    transition: var(--transition);
    transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.navbar-nav .nav-link:hover::after,
.navbar-nav .nav-link.active::after {
    width: 100%;
}

/* 英雄区域样式 */
.hero-section {
    height: 80vh;
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f1e1e1 0%, var(--light-secondary) 100%);
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-top: var(--header-height);
}

.hero-content {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    width: 100%;
}

.hero-title {
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    font-size: 3.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

.hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    max-width: 600px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

.hero-buttons .btn {
    padding: 0.75rem 2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.btn-primary {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background: #0056b3;
    border-color: #0056b3;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.3);
}

.btn-outline-light:hover {
    background: var(--text-primary);
    color: var(--dark-bg);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

/* About IAO Alliance Section */
.about-section {
    background: var(--light-bg);
}

.about-content {
    padding-right: 2rem;
}

.about-text p {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.about-cards {
    padding-left: 2rem;
}

.about-card {
    background: var(--light-tertiary);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
    text-align: center;
    transition: var(--transition);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    height: 100%;
}

.about-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 30px var(--shadow-color);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.about-card .card-icon {
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    background: var(--light-bg);
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin: 0 auto 1rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    border: 2px solid var(--border-color);
}

.about-card:hover .card-icon {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.about-card .card-icon i {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.about-card:hover .card-icon i {
    color: var(--light-bg);
}

.about-card h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

/* Our Services Section */
.services-section {
    background: var(--light-secondary);
}

.service-card {
    background: var(--light-bg);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
    text-align: center;
    transition: var(--transition);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    height: 100%;
}

.service-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-8px);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 40px var(--shadow-color);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.service-icon {
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    background: linear-gradient(45deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin: 0 auto 1.5rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.service-card:hover .service-icon {
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.service-icon i {
    font-size: 2rem;
    color: var(--light-bg);
}

.service-card h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

.service-card p {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 1.6;
}





/* 期刊列表样式 */
.journal-list-section {
    background: var(--light-bg);
}

.journal-item {
    background: var(--light-bg);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    padding: 1rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    height: 100%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.journal-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 30px var(--shadow-color);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.cover-image-link {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.journal-cover {
    width: 150px;
    height: 200px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
}

.cover-placeholder {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--light-bg);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.cover-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    transition: .3s;
}

.journal-item .cover-placeholder .cover-image:hover {
    transform: scale(1.02);
}

.cover-placeholder i {
    font-size: 3rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    opacity: 0.9;
}

.cover-placeholder span {
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 2px;
}

.journal-content {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    padding-left: 0;
    min-height: 200px;
}

.journal-content-top {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

.journal-content-bottom {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    width: 100%;
}

.journal-content h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.journal-item .journal-title:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.journal-item .journal-introduction {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.journal-abbr {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-style: italic;
}

.journal-meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.issn-section {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.publisher-section {
    margin-top: auto;
}

.meta-row {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.meta-label {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.meta-value {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-weight: 400;
}

.impact-metrics {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-self: flex-end;
}

.impact-factor,
.jcr-quartile,
.cite-score,
.oa-badge {
    padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.impact-factor {
    background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.1);
    color: var(--primary-color);
    border: 1px solid rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.2);
}

.jcr-quartile {
    background: rgba(5, 150, 105, 0.1);
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    border: 1px solid rgba(5, 150, 105, 0.2);
}

.cite-score {
    background: rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.1);
    color: var(--accent-color);
    border: 1px solid rgba(220, 38, 38, 0.2);
}

.oa-badge {
    background: rgba(255, 193, 7, 0.1);
    color: #FFC107;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 193, 7, 0.2);
}

/* 订阅区域样式 */
.newsletter-section {
    background: var(--light-bg);
}

.newsletter-form {
    max-width: 500px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.newsletter-form .input-group {
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px var(--shadow-color);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.newsletter-form .form-control {
    background: var(--light-bg);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.newsletter-form .form-control:focus {
    background: var(--light-bg);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.2rem rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.25);
}

.newsletter-form .form-control::placeholder {
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

/* 页脚样式 */
.footer {
    background: var(--light-tertiary);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.footer-title {
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

.footer-text {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.footer-links {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.footer-links li {
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.footer-links a {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.footer-links a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.social-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.social-link {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    background: var(--dark-secondary);
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.social-link:hover {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.contact-info p {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.contact-info i {
    margin-right: 0.75rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    width: 20px;
}

.footer-divider {
    border-color: var(--border-color);
    margin: 2rem 0 1rem;
}

.copyright {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin: 0;
}

.footer-link {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-decoration: none;
    margin-left: 1rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.footer-link:hover {
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

/* 页面Hero样式 */
.page-hero {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e3a8a 0%, #581c87 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: 120px 0 80px 0;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-top: var(--header-height);
}

.page-hero::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><defs><pattern id="grain" width="100" height="100" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><circle cx="25" cy="25" r="1" fill="rgba(255,255,255,0.1)"/><circle cx="75" cy="75" r="1" fill="rgba(255,255,255,0.1)"/><circle cx="50" cy="10" r="0.5" fill="rgba(255,255,255,0.05)"/><circle cx="10" cy="60" r="0.5" fill="rgba(255,255,255,0.05)"/><circle cx="90" cy="40" r="0.5" fill="rgba(255,255,255,0.05)"/></pattern></defs><rect width="100" height="100" fill="url(%23grain)"/></svg>');
    opacity: 0.3;
}

.hero-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.hero-title {
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    font-size: 3rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    color: #ffffff;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    color: #8d99a8;
    text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

/* 面包屑导航样式 */
.breadcrumb-section {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

.breadcrumb {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0;
}

.breadcrumb-item + .breadcrumb-item::before {
    content: "/";
    color: #64748b;
}

.breadcrumb-item a {
    color: #2563eb;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.breadcrumb-item a:hover {
    color: #1d4ed8;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.breadcrumb-item.active {
    color: #64748b;
}

/* 筛选区域样式 */
.filter-section {
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

.search-filter {
    background: #ffffff;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 16px;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.search-filter .form-label {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.search-filter .form-select,
.search-filter .form-control {
    border: 1px solid #d1d5db;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.search-filter .form-select:focus,
.search-filter .form-control:focus {
    border-color: #3b82f6;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);
    outline: none;
}

.search-filter .btn {
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.search-filter .btn-primary {
    background: #3b82f6;
    border-color: #3b82f6;
}

.search-filter .btn-primary:hover {
    background: #2563eb;
    border-color: #2563eb;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.search-filter .btn-outline-secondary {
    border-color: #d1d5db;
    color: #6b7280;
}

.search-filter .btn-outline-secondary:hover {
    background: #f3f4f6;
    border-color: #9ca3af;
    color: #374151;
}


/* 分页样式美化 */
.pagination {
    margin: 0;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.pagination .page-item {
    margin: 0;
}

.pagination .page-link {
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    color: #64748b;
    background: #ffffff;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    min-width: 44px;
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.pagination .page-link:hover {
    color: #2563eb;
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-color: #2563eb;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.15);
}

.pagination .page-item.active .page-link {
    color: #ffffff;
    background: #2563eb;
    border-color: #2563eb;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.3);
}

.pagination .page-item.disabled .page-link {
    color: #94a3b8;
    background: #f1f5f9;
    border-color: #e2e8f0;
    cursor: not-allowed;
    transform: none;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.pagination .page-item.disabled .page-link:hover {
    color: #94a3b8;
    background: #f1f5f9;
    border-color: #e2e8f0;
    transform: none;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

/* 响应式设计 */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .page-hero {
        padding: 40px 0 40px 0;
        margin-top: var(--header-height)
    }
    
    .hero-title {
        font-size: 2.5rem;
    }
    
    .hero-subtitle {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
    
    .search-filter {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .search-filter .row {
        flex-direction: column;
    }
    
    .search-filter .col-lg-2 {
        margin-top: 1rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .page-hero {
        padding: 40px 0 40px 0;
        margin-top: var(--header-height)
    }
    
    .hero-title {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }
    
    .hero-subtitle {
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
    
    .search-filter {
        padding: 1rem;
    }
    
    
    .pagination .page-link {
        padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
        min-width: 40px;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
    
    .hero-section {
        margin-top: 60px;
        height: 60vh;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .about-content {
        padding-right: 0;
        margin-bottom: 2rem;
    }
    
    .about-cards {
        padding-left: 0;
    }
    
    .about-card {
        padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
    }
    
    .service-card {
        padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .journal-item {
        padding: 1.5rem;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .journal-content-top {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: row;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 1rem;
        text-align: left;
    }
    
    .hero-section {
        margin-top: var(--header-height);
        height: 70vh;
    }
    
    .journal-content-top h4 {
        flex: 1;
        margin-bottom: 0;
        font-size: 1.25rem;
        line-height: 1.3;
    }
    
    .journal-cover {
        /*width: 80px;*/
        /*height: 107px;*/
        flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    
    .journal-content {
        height: auto;
    }
    
    .journal-content-bottom {
        margin-top: 0;
    }
    
    .meta-row {
        flex-direction: row;
        justify-content: space-between;
        align-items: center;
    }
    
    .cover-placeholder i {
        font-size: 2.5rem;
    }
    
    .cover-placeholder span {
        font-size: 1.2rem;
    }
    
    .journal-content h4 {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
    }
    
    .meta-row {
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 0.25rem;
    }
    
    .impact-metrics {
        justify-content: flex-start;
        gap: 0.4rem;
    }
    
    .hero-buttons .btn {
        padding: 0.6rem 1.5rem;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .hero-title {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }
    
    .hero-subtitle {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
    
    .hero-buttons {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .hero-buttons .btn {
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .service-card {
        padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
    }
    
    .journal-info {
        padding: 1rem;
    }
    
}

/* 动画效果 */
@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

@keyframes pulse {
    0% {
        transform: scale(1);
    }
    50% {
        transform: scale(1.05);
    }
    100% {
        transform: scale(1);
    }
}

.animate-pulse {
    animation: pulse 2s infinite;
}

/* 占位符图片样式 */
.placeholder-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 200px;
    background: var(--light-tertiary);
    border: 2px dashed var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.placeholder-image:hover {
    background: var(--light-secondary);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.placeholder-image i {
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    opacity: 0.7;
}

.placeholder-image span {
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Logo占位符 */
.logo-placeholder {
    width: 200px;
    height: 60px;
    background: var(--primary-color);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--light-bg);
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
}

/* 滚动条样式 */
::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 8px;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: var(--light-secondary);
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    border-radius: 4px;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
    background: #1D4ED8;
}